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They are unipersonal courts and in the pyramid of the judicial structure they are the jurisdictional bodies of lower hierarchy. The law will determine the number of justices of the peace and their equivalents, their attributions, territorial jurisdiction and the manner in which they are organized.
We can define the structure of the justice of the peace courts as follows:
- Ordinary Justice of the Peace Courts.
They hear alimony; and purely personal or movable actions, in sole instance, in civil and commercial matters up to the amount of three thousand pesos (RD$3,000) and on appeal up to the amount of twenty thousand pesos (RD$20,000). In the municipalities where these courts do not exist, the specialized peace courts are competent to hear the matter of these courts. By Resolution No. 1186-2006, the Supreme Court of Justice authorizes the Ordinary Justices of the Peace to act as judges for children and adolescents in the instruction phase of the criminal proceedings followed to accused adolescents and to exercise their functions. - Special Traffic Courts.
They are competent to hear infractions for violation of Law No. 63-17, on Mobility, Land Transportation, Transit and Road Safety of the Dominican Republic, dated February 21, 2017. - Land Court of Original Jurisdiction.
They are unipersonal courts that constitute the first degree of the real estate jurisdiction, they hear in first instance all the actions before the real estate jurisdiction, by means of direct power of attorney by the interested party and according to its territorial delimitation. Their territorial jurisdiction is determined by the physical location of the property. - Justice of the peace courts for municipal matters.
They hear all infractions of laws, ordinances, regulations and municipal resolutions.
There are currently two hundred and thirteen (213) Justice of the Peace Courts in operation.
